JMIRx Bio

The culture of immortal cell lines has become an indispensable tool in the field of modern biotechnology and has been used in the production of human and viral veterinary vaccines, therapeutic recombinant proteins, interferons, and monoclonal antibodies. Several approaches are used to immortalize cells in culture, such as transduction of cells with viral oncogenes, induced expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase, and spontaneous immortalization by serial passage of primary cell lines.

Antimicrobial irrational use and poor disposal in the human and animal sectors promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment as these antimicrobials and their active ingredients, coupled with resistant microbes, are released into the environment. While AMR containment programs in the human and animal sectors are well established in Uganda, those in the water and environment sector still need to be established and strengthened. Therefore, the Ministry of Water and Environment set out to establish an AMR surveillance program to bolster the One Health efforts for the containment of AMR under the National Action Plan 2018-2023.